Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C. Y., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55(7), 709-720.

The authors propose a new way of thinking about culture and cognition that focuses on how specific cultural knowledge (implicit theories) guides the construction of meaning from a stimulus. The more accessible a construct is to a person, the more important it is to them (because they have seen it recently).

The study reports a series of cognitive priming experiments, in which the authors simulated bicultural individuals’ experiences of switching cultural frames in response to culturally loaded symbols. The authors show how bicultural individuals can control the cognitive effects of culture using a dynamic constructivist approach.

Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C. Y., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55(7), 709-720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.7.709