Yan, Y., & Bissell, K. (2014). The globalization of beauty: How is ideal beauty influenced by globally published fashion and beauty magazines?. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 43(3), 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2014.917432

The study examined thousands female models from top beauty and fashion magazines from 12 countries/regions to explore how the magazines portrayed models of beauty globally. Authors assumed that editorial standards shaped the images of beauty of varying standards to frame stories and select models. Results showed that North American and European magazines set the tone. Asian countries were relatively self-sufficient in terms of sexual frames and model choices. South African and Latin American magazines were prone to adopt Western beauty standards.